Giant spatial Goos-Hänchen shift achieved in superconducting hyperbolic metamaterials with graphene

Area of Science:

• Condensed Matter Physics
• Metamaterials Science
• Optics and Photonics

Background:

• The Goos-Hänchen (GH) shift is a phenomenon in optics where the reflected beam laterally shifts.
• Hyperbolic metamaterials exhibit unique optical properties due to their hyperbolic dispersion.
• Low-temperature conditions can significantly influence the behavior of metamaterials and their optical responses.

Purpose of the Study:

• To theoretically analyze the enhancement and regulation of the GH shift in hyperbolic metamaterials.
• To investigate the effects of low-temperature conditions on the GH shift.
• To explore the potential of these materials for high-sensitivity temperature sensing.

Main Methods:

• Theoretical analysis of photonic crystals composed of graphene and superconductors.
• Modulation of Fermi energy in graphene to achieve hyperbolic dispersion.
• Investigation of the reflection coefficient's phase transition near elliptic-hyperbolic dispersion.

Main Results:

• Achieved hyperbolic dispersion by tuning graphene's Fermi energy.
• Observed a remarkably large GH shift at the resonant state near the phase transition.
• Demonstrated substantial GH shift control via graphene layers, superconductor thickness, and temperature, reaching up to 4000λ at 200 K.

Conclusions:

• Significant enhancement and regulation of the GH shift are achievable in hyperbolic metamaterials.
• The study provides a pathway for utilizing the GH shift effect in low-temperature hyperbolic materials.
• This research offers theoretical guidance for developing high-sensitivity temperature sensors.